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21 March 2013 
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The role of glutamate in the development of phantom limb pain
ISRCTN ISRCTN48374927
DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN48374927
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
EudraCT number
Public title The role of glutamate in the development of phantom limb pain
Scientific title A randomised double blind trial of the effect of pre-emptive epidural ketamine on persistent pain after lower limb amputation
Acronym N/A
Serial number at source SP3481
Study hypothesis To assess the effect of pre-emptively modulating sensory input with epidural ketamine (an NMDA antagonist) on post-amputation pain and sensory processing.
Lay summary
Ethics approval Not provided at time of registration
Study design Randomised controlled trial
Countries of recruitment United Kingdom
Disease/condition/study domain Pain
Participants - inclusion criteria 1. Patients undergoing lower limb amputation for peripheral vascular disease or as a result of complications of diabetes mellitus
2. Able to give informed consent and cooperate with pain assessment
Participants - exclusion criteria Not provided at time of registration
Anticipated start date 01/01/2001
Anticipated end date 01/01/2007
Status of trial Completed
Patient information material
Target number of participants 53
Interventions All patients will have spinal and epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine established before amputation and will receive an epidural infusion of bupivacaine for 48 to 72 hours after surgery for post-operative analgesia.

Patients will be randomised to receive either:
1. An epidural bolus of ketamine before surgery followed by epidural ketamine infusion for 48 to 72 hours
2. A placebo
Primary outcome measure(s) Incidence and severity of post-amputation pain measured at one year.
Secondary outcome measure(s) Not provided at time of registration
Sources of funding Action Medical Research (UK)
Trial website
Publications 2007 results in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17583431
Contact name Dr  Alastair F  Nimmo
  Address University of Edinburgh Department of Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Lauriston Place
  City/town Edinburgh
  Zip/Postcode EH3 9YW
  Country United Kingdom
  Tel +44 (0)131 536 3652
  Fax +44 (0)131 536 3672
  Email a.nimmo@ed.ac.uk
Sponsor Action Medical Research (UK)
  Address Vincent House
  City/town Horsham West Sussex
  Zip/Postcode RH12 2DP
  Country United Kingdom
  Sponsor website: http://www.action.org.uk/
Date applied 01/03/2001
Last edited 14/01/2009
Date ISRCTN assigned 01/03/2001
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